Abstract

The advent of quantum computing has introduced both unprecedented opportunities and significant threats to the field of secure communication. Traditional cryptographic systems, reliant on mathematical complexity, are vulnerable to the immense computational power promised by quantum computers. Quantum cryptography, leveraging the fundamental principles of quantum mechanics, offers a new paradigm for secure communication that is theoretically unbreakable. This paper explores the core techniques of quantum cryptography, with a focus on Quantum Key Distribution (QKD), and examines their practical applications, advantages, challenges, and future prospects in securing digital communications.